John Stephen Vaughan (24 January 1853–4 December 1925) was an English Roman Catholic bishop, brother of Bernard, Roger, and Herbert Vaughan.
He was son of Lieutenant-Colonel John Francis Vaughan, of an old recusant (Roman Catholic) family, the Vaughans of Courtfield, Herefordshire. His mother, Eliza Rolls from The Hendre, Monmouthshire, was a Catholic convert and intensely religious. All five of the Vaughan daughters became nuns, while six of the eight sons took Holy Orders and became priests. Three were later called as bishops: Roger became the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Australia; Herbert, the eldest, became Archbishop of Westminster. John, in his turn was made the titular bishop of Sebastopolis and auxiliary bishop in Salford in 1909.
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He was born at Courtfield, near Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire, studied at St. Gregory's College, and at Bruges and Rome, and was ordained a priest in 1876. He spent three years in traveling, lecturing, and missionary work in Australia, then undertook parochial work in London, and in 1898 became canon of Westminster. Between 1890 and 1903, he organized free Catholic lectures in various public halls in London. In 1896, he became domestic prelate to the Papal Court, resided in Rome in 1904-07, and made a preaching tour in the United States and Canada.
In 1909, he was sent to the Diocese of Salford to assist Bishop Louis Charles Casartelli as his Auxiliary Bishop, he took the title of Titular Bishop of Sebastopolis and was consecrated in Westminster Cathedral on the 5 August 1909. Coming to Manchester he initially resided at Xaverian College until 1912 when he was appointed rector of St. Bede's College. In 1915 he became Rector at St Joseph's College, Upholland near Wigan. In 1920 became Parish Priest at St Hubert's Church in Great Harwood where he died five years later on 4 December 1925 at the age of seventy-two.